Film (movie) analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Film (movie) analysis paper - Essay Example As a designer, am responsible for the visual concept of a movie, a theater production or a television program. I realize a design style for sets, graphic, location, lighting, camera angle, costumes and carefully work with the film producer and director. One of the concepts used my designer is appointing and managing an art department, which includes construction and design team. A strong partnership is formed with a particular director with whom I work closely with. Designers tend to specialize in theater, television or film although there may be some overlap. In a case of a theater, production designers are also referred to us set designers or stage. As a production designer, my main work is to market my skills and experience, briefing and making contacts with agents. Some of the activities that am involved with include: reading scripts to identify a theme indicating a particular visual style. Analyzing a production brief that might be a written one or oral. Monitoring and planning design budget. Coming up with design ideas, make-ups, and costume design. During my childhood, I used to love new ideas and new things; a factor that is helping me in design production. Production design in shall we dance film is of a high quality. The choices of costumes use are in agreement with the theme of the movie. A good example is the dancing costume worn by the dancers in the movie. Graphic design is problem-solving through the use of image, space and visual communication. Being a graphic designer, one works under the directors supervision. One of the major responsibilities of a graphic designer is to ensure quality production of art, production of art assets and page layout in accordance with design documentation. Another work of a graphic designer is to understand the brand or a product and come up with art brief. Graphic design under a tight schedule and are supposed to deliver on the set deadlines. During my childhood, I was greatly

The Construction of News Essay Example for Free

The Construction of News Essay What makes the use of visual and verbal strategies in news construction so important? The answer has to do with the fact that what makes any good news item attractive is its ability to capture and retain the attention of the audience. There are many ways you can use to get your audiences attention, but visual and verbal strategies have been tested and proven to be the most effective. Any news item in the print media, radio or television, however news worthy it might be, will not be taken with the seriousness it deserves if visual and verbal cues are not used. The human mind reacts to more readily to statements which are accompanied by powerful verbal and visual connotations than it does blank, or what Simmons calls ‘imageless’ statements. News papers utilise pictures as a means of capturing attention. Televisions on the other hand make use of moving images, or what is commonly known as video. Pictures speak a thousand words, moving images speak millions. Images, whether still or moving, are indispensable in the media industry. These are not only appealing to the eye and/or ears, but they also help the reader, viewer and listener to grasp the message better. Television journalists usually use videos taken from the source area of the news material. It would be very monotonous and even tiring if TV news lacked live shots of their news. These videos serve the same purpose as picture serve in newspapers. They are a powerful means of capturing and retaining the audience’s attention. War scenes have always had more impact on the viewer because of the images used. The coverage of the war in Iraq managed to elicit a lot of strong, albeit differing views and emotions. This can be attributed to the effectiveness of the kind of images that were used by news channels in broadcasting this news. According to Pfau and Haigh, the use of images in television war stories is very influential. They say that television news provides viewers with a â€Å"front row seat to view combat†. In other words, it gives the audience a feeling of presence, like they are a part of the combat out there in the battle field. Abrahams argues that television news communicates more emotion than other news venues. This tendency is even more pronounced with graphic images of war which he says are â€Å"among the most powerful visuals known to humankind Not all images taken from a scene are used in the final news item. The images are usually edited to suit the needs of the audience. Dramatic images often make interesting news material and video journalists will always strive to the best part of a video clip to show to the audience. This kind of news presentation has been criticised in the past for being partial. Brown, in his Video Aid techniques book, says that news makers usually look out for the most bizarre, which also happens to be the most negative part of a video shootage to use in their news. This has a way of making people misunderstand a situation. For example, many news channels, while covering the Iraq war, usually depicted the brutality of the terrorist insurgents over civilians, yet they failed to report the brutality of some of the American soldiers to the same civilians. Many people thought that the Iraqis actually liked all the American soldiers and yet the situation on the ground was far much different. Film and television have also had a big role to play in how images are used in the other news media. The pictures used in newspapers and magazines reflect what the reader had already watched in a film or on television news. The pictures that journalists use are put in such a way that the message they contain will be reinforced in the readers’ mind. News broadcasters also use creative language to hold their audience’s interest in a particular news story. They do not use the normal street language, nor do they confine themselves to the formal language. Rather, they construct their news in such a way that the words they use are appealing to the listener. The verbal strategies have to be used hand in hand with appropriate non-verbal cues in order to achieve to the maximum, the desired effect. Radio journalists only have their voices to rely on when presenting news to their audience. They usually use sophisticated, yet understandable languages. They have to use high levels of creativity since their presentation is only verbal. In most cases, journalists are able to present a news item to the listener in such a way that the listener feels like he/she is part of the events happening in the news. Images in the news media are also important in the presentation of societal norms and expectations. The media, most often than not, depicts what is happening in the society. Therefore, many news editors prefer to use images that people can relate to or are used to. Conclusion Journalists have had a major role to play in writing and reproducing major occurrences in the history of human kind. Today, it is possible to get a video clip from the Second World War due to a journalist’s efforts. It is also possible to access newspaper articles from long as the 1800s. There are many images depicting past events that should never be forgotten. These are preserved in various museums and media houses for posterity. Therefore, it can be said that journalist have over the years utilised the development of images to preserve the history of humankind. Journalists have also used visual and verbal strategies to showcase the social injustices that are plaguing much of the world today. It is through the images presented in our media that we are able to appreciate and grasp what is happening around us. The media showed the world what was happening in Darfur, and the world was able to act fast to avoid another Rwanda episode. The famous photographer, Mohammed Ali, received worldwide acclaim for highlighting the Ethiopian famine which was killing hundreds of people in Ethiopia. Though journalists have used images for the good of people who are viewing them, there needs to be some regulation on how they present these images. For instance, they should use images that show both sides of the story in order to avoid misplaced understanding among the audience.

The Internet :: Web Technology Essays

The Internet When the Internet was developed in the 1960s, most of the world was unaware of the impact it would have on the world and our society within a relatively short period of time. In less than forty years, the World Wide Web has literally become the "Information Super Highway" as Al Gore so succinctly named it (Daly, 1998). With this massive influx of information through a web of interconnected networks have come problems and some solutions. The magnitude of data stored on the Web and the Internet brings about many questions regarding readability, currency, policies, validity, quality, reliability, moral issues, creditability, market appeal, and adequacy in the mechanics of language just to name a few. Except in technologically advanced circles of society, the Web was virtually unheard of prior to the wide availability of the Mosaic browser in 1993. At that time, the Web emerged nearly full-blown and was so successful that within a few months it was being used by millions of people (Maddux, 1998). As a result of this rapid growth of the Web, the quality of many websites today is poor. Maddux (1998) states that "standards for academic and other publishing of traditional media, like books, evolved over a period of centuries while the technical and distribution problems were being solved". The Web has not been afforded the luxury of having the component of time to develop standards for the information being published. Maddux (1998) believes that "Web quality seems to be declining, rather than improving". Often when a person searches for information through a Web search engine, he is inundated with incompetent web pages. It is difficult, time-consuming, frustrating, overwhelming, a nd sometimes impossible for an internet novice to find useful information. In turn, those using the web for educational fulfillment have to jump barriers just to find high-quality information. To remedy the problems with the Web, some guidelines need to be set forth and followed. Authors of web sites need to proofread and revise material for language and mechanics much as if they were writing a paper for their English class to be graded by a teacher. Web site authors should use common sense in deciding what and when to publish and should keep the published material up-to-date. Just as students should not turn in an unfinished assignment to a teacher, the author of a website should not publish unfinished pages or pages under construction.

The Existence Of God Essay -- Religion, Theology, Philosophy, logic

The existence of God has long been a topic of debate. It is the ultimate topic of discussion, as everyone seems to have an opinion on it. I will look at the traditional arguments for the existence of God, the ones that have stood the test of time, and find out how convincing the arguments really are by looking at each one in turn, analysing the logic behind each argument, and finally looking at its criticisms and the responses to the criticisms. The first argument for the existence of God I will look at is the cosmological argument, more commonly known as the "First Cause" argument. It is attributed to Saint Thomas Aquinas, a 13th century philosopher. The basic premise is that for the Universe to exist, something must have caused it to exist in the beginning. The conclusion to this premise, argues Saint Thomas, is that God created the Universe, as he is the only thing eternal. The unstated premises in this argument are that an eternal entity is required to create the universe, and that God is the only thing eternal. The history of time in the universe is often likened to a stack of dominoes falling on one another and causing a chain reaction down the line of dominoes. They did not start falling by themselves, as something must have triggered the very first one. In the First Cause argument, it is God that created the Universe and hence was the first cause. This argument even allows for the Big Bang theory, stating that God ca used the Big Bang. This is a popular argument because it allows religion and science to co-exist in one theory. In fact, the Big Bang theory helps the First Cause argument because it shows that the Universe did in fact begin at a point in time, meaning that there must have been a first cause. Bertrand Rus... ...of these planets. However, this does not explain the apparent convenience of Universe's natural laws for organic life. This can be explained in another theory, which states that there are multiple Universes, a "multiverse", and that we are simply in the Universe whose natural laws support life. Out of all the arguments and criticisms I have looked at, none have been proven in such a way that any of them are self-evident, and none show truly sound arguments. Some arguments are valid, and some have true (by induction, mainly) premises, but none can be shown to prove the existence of God without doubt using logic. These arguments should not be used as proofs of the existence of non-existence of God, they could simply be used to support a person's particular opinion. However, they should be used carefully as fallacies are committed in all of them.

Improving Service Quality in Hotel and Resort

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The first chapter of report will explain the purpose of the report and why this report is important. In chapter 2, the service quality will be identified. There are two parts in this chapter: the first part will discuss concept and principle of the service quality and the following part will note the service quality models. Mainly the SERVQUAL model and the Total Quality Management (TQM) will be examined. Then in chapter 3, implementation, the chosen organisation which is the Club Mediterranean (Club Med) will be applied for the service quality model. The last chapter is conclusion of the report and the Appendices will be stated next to reference list. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦2p Chapter 1: Introduction 1. 1 Purpose of the Report †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4p Chapter 2: Service Quality 2. 1 Principles of Service Quality †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5p 2. 2 Service Quality Models †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6p Chapter 3: Implementation 3. 1 Background of the Club Med †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8p 3. 2 Steps of Implementation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9p Chapter 4: Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12p Reference List †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13p Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦15p CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. 1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT â€Å"Service organizations exist as a function of their customers; service quality then, is the primary survival strategy† (Schneider and Chung, 1993, p. 124). Carey (2003) note that the service quality is a subject that permeates every component of the tourism industry. Especially in hotel and resort, the service quality is integral for long term survival. Therefore each company should take the service quality as serious management philosophy and have to adopt theories and models to identify gap between expectation and perception. CHAPTER 2: SERVICE QUALITY 2. 1 PRINCIPLES OF SERVICE QUALITY Service quality is defined as the degree of excellence intended that meets customer requirements (Wyckoff, 1992). However, Carey (2003) points out the service quality, the result of a comparison between the expectations of a customer and the actual service they received. Therefore, understanding gap between the expectation and the received service can be a key source of the service quality. According to Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons (2001), these expectations are based on several sources, including word of mouth, personal needs, and past experience. Thus, people may have more expectation on the high-rated hotel. Usually, the five-star hotels are more expensive than the lower level so customers may expect to get serviced as much as they pay. In other word, the service quality can be a primary goal for hotels to gain more profits. To put simply, better quality means better profitability and market share and when higher quality and large market share are both present, profitability is nearly guaranteed (Ross, 1993). According to Scheuing and Christopher (1993) the service quality is a powerful force that reshapes attitudes and actions toward creating customer satisfaction and loyalty, and thus, sustainable competitive advantage in an unstable environment of dynamic global competition. Accordingly, the managers who work in hospitality industry need to know not only how to manage the organisation but also how to manage the service quality to provide customer satisfaction continuously. 2. SERVICE QUALITY MODELS Levitt (1972) argues that the theories and concepts of quality and its management have adopted slowly into the service industry from manufacturing. Rather than a paradigm shift taking place, the existing quality theories and models were held in their entirety by parts of the service sector and the paradigm shift occurred when difficulties were occurred in the sector, for example, the use of only qualitative data analysis methods (Williams & Buswell, 2003). There are many service quality theories and concepts have been used such as the Statistical Process Control (SPC), Ten Benchmarks of Total Quality Control, and the 14-step Quality Improvement Programme, However, in following paragraphs will discuss two service quality models which are SERVQUAL and Total Quality Management that is known as TQM. 2. 2. 1 SERVQUAL model SERVQUAL is a survey instrument that measures service quality. According to Saleh and Ryan (1991), it was initially devised for the assessment of services within the financial sector, and consists of a 22-item, seven-point Likert Scale but not all of the issues were directly applicable to a hotel. However Martin (1986) offers a 40-item scale in the assessment of service within restaurants, and from this a number of questions were picked and adapted for hotel and finally therefore, a 33-item and five-point Likert Scale instrument was developed. There are five dimensions of service quality: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. In the guest survey, the customer will answer the questions which are based on the five dimensions. Fitzsimmons et al (2001) point out the multiple dimensions of service quality are captured in the SERVQUAL instrument, which is an effective tool for surveying customer satisfaction that is based on the service quality gap model. 2. 2. 2 Total Quality Management (TQM) Bardi (2007) states that preparation for adopting TQM is necessary to achieve success goal in hotel. Biech (1994) defined Total Quality Management (TQM) as a customer-focused, quality-centered, fact-based, team-driven, senior-management-led process to achieve an organization’s strategic imperative through continuous process improvement. In its simplest form, the TQM is a management philosophy which states that the whole organisation is working for meeting the customer’s need and expectation (Williams et al, 2003). The TQM has two major proceedings: customer requirements and expectations determination and these requirements and expectations’ deliver organising (Ross, 1993). Ross (1993) points out that the measurement of success is customer satisfaction and the only way to achieve the successive customer satisfaction is through continuous improvement by TQM. CHAPTER 3: IMPLEMENTATION: 3. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE CLUB MED Club Mediterranean (Club Med) is an international hotel chain company operating worldwide resort villages. Club Med was founded in 1950 by Gerard Blitz who is the two time Olympic medalist champion while Blitz stayed at the Olympic Club’s tent village where he had the idea to combine his passion for humanitarian causes with athleticism. The initial concept of the Club Med was to offer people to enjoy sports holidays with reasonable price. The company expanded through the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and during 1980s it continued to diversify and decentralize, becoming ever more international (International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 1994). Today, the Club Med is with over 80 villages across 5 continents at beaches to mountain, ski resort, and even history-rich area and with its G. Os that are members of staff representing around a hundred nationalities speaking over 30 languages and it continues to emphsise its multicultural aspect. Currently the company offers five styles of holiday, so that people can choose the village that best meets their holiday expectations. The Club Med’s aim is to provide its customers with a holiday as close to perfection as possible by creating a unique atmosphere which engenders a sense of wellbeing, as well as by providing top-quality amenities, the company aims for total customer satisfaction (International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 1994). 3. 2 STEPS OF IMPLEMENTATION As the report discussed above, the Club Med can use whether SERVQUAL model or TQM method to improve the company’s service quality. However if both two model used together, it will make synergy effect on the business. First, to adopt SERVQUAL model on the Club Med, quantitative research will be used and the data are from existing the company’s record. Not only the quantitative data but also qualitative research will be used to identify the service quality gaps which brought to inconsistency between the guest expectations and the guest perceptions. The staffs of the Club Med can have in-depth and face-to-face interviews. The interviewees will be included the reception GOs, the sport activity GOs, the bar and restaurant GOs and whoever village GOs to identify the gap. This provided the researcher to recognize which department has the most contact with the GMs (gentle member that known as guest of the Club Med). Next step is for sampling procedures and in the process the reception desk or the front desk will allow information relate guest complaints. It is because of in many hotels, the front desk has high level of contact with guests and also the reception desk will receive the majority of guest complaints (Carey, 2003). The two survey populations will be the GMs and the GOs. In addition for the guests, the guest survey can be asked. For instance, the Likert Scale survey which is asking guests to rate each activity or department in a scale of 1 to 5 can be used. Currently, the Club Med is using customer satisfaction ratings virtually. According to Fitzsimmons et al (2001), the Club Med uses the questionnaire and it is mailed to all guests directly after their departure from a Club Med vacation to assess the quality of their experience in the village. The information from the survey completed by guest is used in several ways. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance (1994) points out that if there is a complaint about one of Club Med’s villages, head office immediately reports back to the village manager. After all the interviewing and surveying, data collection and analysis by coding will be necessary to identify the service gaps. Through the coding analysis, finally the Club Med can find gaps in the service process. Therefore the Club Med an get a broad response and a better understanding of guest expectations and perceptions to improve their service quality. Next, to adopt the Total Quality Management (TQM) on the Club Med, as shown in the appendix 1, there are several steps for implementing TQM. The first step is defining the mission. According to the International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance (1994), the Club Med’s aim is to provide its customers with a holiday as close to perfection as possible. Thus the company’s mission is total customer satisfaction. The second step is for identifying system output and the third is for identifying customers. To use of demographic questionnaire can be useful not only to know the guests but to set a target markets so improve systems as their requirement. Then the next step is for negotiating customers’ requirements. From the bargain, developing a â€Å"supplier specification† that details customer requirements and expectations is the next. Finally, determining the necessary activities required to fulfill those requirements and expectation will be finished the implementing TQM. On the contrary, Dale (1994) notes that number of barriers to achieving TQM that shows in appendix 2. Accordingly, the company should avoid several components as lack of commitment from senior management to service quality so the Club Med’s head office must focus on the service quality improvements continuously. The second component to avoid is fear of the changes to work patterns and processes. Thus the senior management should empower employees. Then lack of resources and no customer focus is following. To improve service quality and to adopt TQM, company has to keep focus on the customers’ requirements. For the last, without correct data collection and analysis, the Club Med can not meet improved service quality. CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION The service quality will be a major component of the future hospitality industry continuously. Therefore hotels need to manage the service quality with various theories and methods. As discussed above, this report has applied SERVQUAL and TQM on the Club Med to identify the service gaps. Accordingly, if the Club Med uses the service quality, they can reduce gap and provide customer satisfaction. The any efforts from hotel’s marketing an not be stand on long term period solely. However, the quality of the interactive service between hotelier and the guest can be possibly long term and this can be why the improving service quality is important to hotel. Both service quality theories and models’ measurement is a customer satisfaction. Thus to improve a hotel or resort’s service quality with customer satisfaction, the whole of departme nts should link and think about the service quality together so the all of employees and the senior mangers generate continuous improvements. REFERENCE LIST Bardi, J. A. , (2007). Hotel Front Office Management (4th ed. ). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Biech, E. (1994). TQM for Training. US: McGraw-Hill. Carey, K. L. (2003). Improving service quality in small communities: the Bahamas as a model. Las Vegas: University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Club Med. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 21, 2007, from http://www. clubmed. com. us Dale, B. G. (1994). Managing Quality (2nd ed. ). Hemel Hempstead: Prentice-Hall. Fitzsimmons, J. A. , & Fitzsimmons, M. J. (2001). Service Management: operations, strategy, and information technology (3rd ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance (1994). Sun, Sea, Sand and Service, 7(4), 18-19. Levitt, T. (1972). Production-line approach to service. Harvard Business Review. In C. Williams, J. Buswell, Service Quality in Leisure and Tourism. London: CABU Publishing. Martin, W. B. (1986). Quality Service, The Restaurant Manager’s Bible. US: Brodock Press. Saleh, F. , & Ryan, C. (1991). Analysing Service Quality in the Hospitality Industry Using the SERVQUAL Model. The Service Industry Journal, 11(3), 324-345. Schneider, B. , & Chung, B. (1993). Creating service climates for service quality. In E. Scheuing, W. Christopher (Eds. ), The Service Quality Handbook. New York: American Management Association. Snow Japan. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 21, 2007, from http://www. snowjapan. com/e/services/club-med. html Ross, J. E. (1993). Total Quality Management: text, cases, and readings. Florida: St. Lucie Press. Williams, C. , & Buswell, J. (2003). Service Quality in Leisure and Tourism. London: CABI Publishing. Wyckoff, D. D. (1992). New tools for achieving service quality. In C. H. Lovelock (Eds. ), Managing Services: marketing, operations and human resources. Hemel Hempstead: Prentice-Hall. APPENDICES [Appendix 1] Implementing TQM by †¢Defining the mission †¢Identifying system output †¢Identifying customers †¢Negotiating customers’ requirements †¢Developing a â€Å"Supplier specification† that details customer requirements and expectations †¢Determining the necessary activities required to fulfill those requirements and expectations. Source: Ross, J. E. (1993). â€Å"Implementing TQM†. Total Quality Management: text, cases, and readings. p. 2. Florida: St. Lucie Press. ) [Appendix 2] Number of barriers to achieving TQM †¢Lack of commitment from senior management to service quality †¢Fear of the changes to work patterns and processes †¢Lack of resources †¢No customer focus †¢Poor data colle ction or analysis (Source: Williams, C. , & Buswell, J. (2003). â€Å"Number of Barriers to Achieving TQM†. Service Quality in Leisure and Tourism. p. 22-23. London: CABI Publishing. )

Sample Essay on Culture and Society

Sample Essay on Culture and Society Culture is the common denominator that makes the actions of the individuals understandable to a particular group. That is, the system of shared values, beliefs, behaviours, and artefacts making up a society’s way of life. Culture can either be represented fin form of material or non material culture. The definitions and specific traits of each of them are discussed below. Material culture is a term representative of the physical creations made, used, or shared by the members of a certain society; it is the society’s buffer against the environment. The components of material culture are all the creations (objects) of the human kind and mind, for example, cars, faucets, computers, trees, minerals just to mention but a few. The transformation of raw material into useable forms through the employment of knowledge is paramount in the achievement of material culture. For example, we make living abodes to shelter ourselves from the adversities of weather and for our own privacy at the basic level, beyond this we make, use, and share sophisticated, interesting and essential items relaying our cultural orientation. For instance, the types of clothes one wears reflect so much into the culture we subscribe to like school, religion, or where the last vacation was spent. Non-material culture on the other hand is the abstract or un-seen human creations by the society fashioned towards the behavioural influence of the said society. The components for the non-material culture include symbols, languages, values, and norms. For instance, the activities a society part takes like cricket in India, social institutions such as churches, schools, family, and so forth. The use of language, the patterns of behaviour and beliefs, and values to it shape the direction of a society over time. Language in its influence on perception, values guiding what the society should be and norms forming the customs of the society. Language: Language in itself is the combination of symbols expressing ideas enabling people to think and communicate amongst each other, either verbally or nonverbally. Language helps in the description of reality, share experiences, feelings, and knowledge with other people. The use of language enables the creation of visual images, distinction from outsiders thus maintaining societal solidarity and boundaries. It also serves as a unique tool in manipulation of symbols for the expression of abstract concepts and rules therefore creating and transmitting culture between generations. The aboriginals for instance in their use of language confine to their society describing relationships rather than judging or evaluate. To them language shapes the reality in perception and experience indeed fronting the thought of neglecting some aspects of world traditionally viewed as important. Most of the aboriginal languages do not abhor the use of personal pronouns used to describe gender like he or she, with some amused by the western debate over whether God is a He or a She. For this, language is impact less on the world and reflects at the traditional acceptance of a certain region on the world map. Language through preconceived ideas may reinforce perceptions about race and ethnicity in advancing the superiority of one a people against another. The diversity of language in some parts of the world shows how it can influence the culture of the societies in such a country. Canada is one example of the diversities in language today with Aboriginal, French, and English speaking societies. Language teaches cultural heritage and sense of identity in a culture. It also is a power and social control booster with perpetuation of inequalities between people, groups in that words can be used intentionally or not to gag people. The existence of hate in the Canadian society is one such scenario siring a lot of suffering in the country. The aboriginals lament on the assumption of the English language as a source of power and prestige citing the lack of movies in their language while the former has the lions share in the film business. Language contributes a great deal in the advancement of the material and both the non-material cultures. Materially in that, the movie business is geared at economically empowering the culture of the English and non-materially in teaching the same on their heritage and identity. If you need a custom essay on this topic, we can write a college essay for you. Customwritings.com hires only professional writers!

globalism essays

globalism essays Globalization is an historical process that began with the first movement of people out of Africa into other parts of the world. Traveling short, then longer distances, migrants, merchants, and others have always taken their ideas, customs, and products into new lands. The melding, borrowing, and adaptation of outside influences can be found in many areas of human life. .At the same time, some inevitably particular problems have risen along with the development of it. You may wonder ,why we should settle the problem in these international fields through the cooperation .Take the environmental pollution as an example. It is clear that the earth is a integrated one which is the only proper and beautiful lanet for us to live on .So the problem of the international nature only can be solved by an unified manner that needs many people devoting to them . Therefore ,we need many experts and generalists on various aspects to recover and protect our home earth! According to de world band report ,the nest 50years could see a fourfold increase in the size of the global economy and significant reductions in poverty but only if governments act now to avert a growing risk of severe damage to the environment and profound social unrest .without better politics and institutions, social and environment strains may derail development progress leading to higher poverty levels and decline in the quality of life for everybody. In the first place, we may consider, what is the circumstance like today in global competent we need many people who can understands each other precisely and logically when the communication are needed in the cooperation and intercourse .So the language is the premiere issue to address the further question in future. Now most of us consider the English as the world language so that all of the nations should support the education on the English to nurture more students who can master it to make a friendly relatio...

How to Grow Salt Crystals

How to Grow Salt Crystals Table salt, also known as sodium chloride, is a crystal (a symmetrical solid substance made entirely of the same material).  You can see the shape of a salt crystal under a microscope, and you can grow your own salt crystals for fun or for a science fair. Growing salt crystals is fun and easy; the ingredients are right in your kitchen, the crystals are non-toxic, and no special equipment is required.   How to Grow Salt Crystals It takes very little work to start the process of growing salt crystals, though you will need to wait a few hours or days to see the results, depending on the method you use. No matter which method you try, youll need to use a hot stove and boiling water, so adult supervision is advised.   Salt Crystal Materials table salt (sodium chloride)waterclean clear containera piece of cardboard (optional)string and pencil or butter knife (optional) Procedures Stir salt into boiling hot water until no more salt will dissolve (crystals start to appear at the bottom of the container). Be sure the water is as close to boiling as possible. Hot tap water is not sufficient for making the solution. Quick Crystals:  If you want crystals quickly, you can soak a piece of cardboard in this supersaturated salt solution. Once it is soggy, place it on a plate or pan and set it in a warm and sunny location to dry out. Numerous small salt crystals will form. Perfect Crystals:  If you are trying to form a larger, perfect cubic crystal, you will want to make a seed crystal.  To grow a big crystal from a seed crystal, carefully pour the supersaturated salt solution into a clean container (so no undissolved salt gets in), allow the solution to cool, then hang the seed crystal in the solution from a pencil or knife placed across the top of the container. You could cover the container with a coffee filter if you like. Set the container in a location where it can remain undisturbed. You are more likely to get a perfect crystal instead of a mass of crystals if you allow the crystal to grow slowly (cooler temperature, shaded location) in a place free of vibrations. Tips for Success Experiment with different types of table salt. Try iodized salt, un-iodized salt, sea salt, or even salt substitutes. Try using different types of water, such as tap water compared with distilled water. See if there is any difference in the appearance of the crystals.If you are trying for the perfect crystal use un-iodized salt and distilled water. Impurities in either the salt or water can aid dislocation, where new crystals dont stack perfectly on top of previous crystals.The solubility of table salt (or any kind of salt) increases greatly with temperature. Youll get the quickest results if you start with a saturated saline solution, which means you want to dissolve salt in the hottest water available. One trick to increase the amount of salt you can dissolve is to microwave the salt solution. Stir in more salt until it stops dissolving and starts to accumulate at the bottom of the container. Use the clear liquid to grow your crystals. You can filter out the solids using a coffee f ilter or paper towel.

The End Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The End - Essay Example chine aided life support and live for even longer, and one a more positive note, the very machines have aided the discoveries that have more than made life comfortable. More specifically, the ethics in the use of machines to prolong life seems to be odds with the moral dynamics of nature itself; should nature be allowed to take its own course with regards to suffering individuals on their death bed? Is euthanasia equal to natural death in view of immense circumstantial suffering? And what is the place of the physician with regards to a patient’s life? Proponents of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are in agreement that terminally ill individuals should have the right to choose to end their lives whichever way they want it done (Griffith, 2014). In the mix is the constitutional legality of such a desire, with those championing the foregoing course maintaining that like the constitutional safeguards that guarantees the basic human rights, the termination of life-saving medical treatment or refusal thereof is the prerogative of the individual. On the other end, doctors indeed have a moral duty to keep their patients alive no matter the condition[s] involved. More critically, the legalization of euthanasia may well create the incentives for certain scrupulous insurance dealers to terminate numerous lives in exchange of huge bucks in their pockets. Though actively advocated for in almost every country the world over, euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide is only permissible in a few countries. As to whether the very right discussed herein should be a right to all, Derek Humphrey (2009) argues that the degree to which pain and psychological distress can be tolerated is different for every individual, and that it is only the individual/patient/sufferer who can make perfect judgment on he/she feels within his/her system. Indeed as it is, individuals’ systems are not sharable, and only it is the individual who knows exactly what they feel at any given

Human Sexuality and Diversity in The Renaissance Drama Essay

Human Sexuality and Diversity in The Renaissance Drama - Essay Example There has been a double standard for men and women reflected in English Renaissance Drama and may be said to mirror the social life of the age. Further, the growing importance of women in commercial and social spheres was examined in the drama, and Louis B. Wright concludes that This activity and boldness of women, especially women of the middle class, aroused the ire of conservatives who vented their displeasure in pulpit, and were answered by staunch defenders of the virtues of the criticized sex. Even stage plays took up the cudgels. This divergence of opinion on the subject of women can be seen by cataloguing some of the satirists and defenders of the sex. the most famous detractors are the author of Schole house of women (about 1542) and attributed to Edward Gosenhill; John Knox, The Monstrous Regiment of Women ( 1558); Philip Stubbes, The Anatomie of Abuses ( 1583); Stephen Gosson, Quippes for Upstart Newfangled Gentlewomen ( 1595); and Joseph Swetnam , The Araignment of Lewd, idle, froward and unconstant women ( 1615), as well as the anonymous author of Hic Mulier or the Man-Woman ( 1620). The attacks did not go unanswered. Indeed in the case of Sir Thomas Elyot Defence of Good Women ( 1540), praise preceded attack. Other notable defenders of women were Edward More in The Defence of Women and Especially of Englyshe Women ( 1560); Nicholas Breton The Praise of Virtuous Ladies ( 1599); and Daniel Tuvil Asylum Veneris ( 1616). Finally women writers began to appear. ... Indeed in the case of Sir Thomas Elyot Defence of Good Women ( 1540), praise preceded attack. Other notable defenders of women were Edward More in The Defence of Women and Especially of Englyshe Women ( 1560); Nicholas Breton The Praise of Virtuous Ladies ( 1599); and Daniel Tuvil Asylum Veneris ( 1616). Finally women writers began to appear. The first is Rachel Speght, who in 1617, wrote A Mouzell for Melastomus, The Cynical Bayter of, and foule mouthed Barker against Evahs Sex, which was an attempt to silence the notorious Swetnam, as well as the weighty biblical anti-feminism which, largely by interpretation, held that woman was inferior to man. In a systematic effort to refute old arguments against women, Rachel Speght writes: Secondly, the materiall cause, or matter whereof woman was made, was of a refined mould, if I may so speake: for man was created of the dust of the earth, but woman was made of a part of man, after that he was a living soule; yet was shee not produced from Adams foote, to be his low inferiour; nor from his head to be his superiour, but from his side, neare his heart, to be his equall; that where he is Lord, she may be Lady: and therefore saith God concerning man and woman jointly, 'Let them rule over the fish of the sea, & over the fowles of the Heaven, & over every beast that moueth upon the earth:' by which words, he makes their authority equall, & all creatures to be in subjection unto them both. This being rightly considered, doth teach men to make such account of their wives, as Adam did of Eve, 'This is bone of my bone, & flesh of my flesh:' As also, that they neither doe or with any more hurt unto them, then unto their owne bodies: for men oughte to love their wives as themsel ves, because hee that loves

Koreas High Context Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Koreas High Context Culture - Assignment Example The paper tells about countries that present with high context cultures particularly about Korea, wherein individuals connote extensive networks among groups, peers and family members. Studies concerning intercultural communication indicated that mostly Eastern countries, particularly Asian cultures, pose heavy direction in accordance with high-context data, an example would be the languages used in Asian countries that profuse subtlety. Apart from the language, another notable factor is the non-verbal communication prevalent among Asian cultures that are deemed indirect as opposed to those in Western cultures. Another factor that contributes to the high context nature of Korea is their predilection towards Confucianism, which promotes egalitarianism. In this regard, Koreans are more inclined to preserve harmony than defend a stance, in order to preserve the credibility of the other party. A study made by Korea UNESCO presented that in spite of the global exposure of Koreans, they ar e still dominated with a high context culture. Korean traditions are continuously upheld and the Confucian principles of harmony, preserving other's credibility and not sticking out are still widely employed within Korean Society. With that in mind, there are several critical considerations to take before an individual from a low-context culture goes to Korea and communicates with local Koreans. This is very important because culture differences are at large and communication misinterpreted due to the variance in practice. (Kramsch 2001; Korea UNESCO 2002). Korea’s High Context Culture High context cultures can be challenging to penetrate, especially external parties due to the fact that no cultural context information is internally available and it is not possible to immediately build close connections among individuals as their bonds are formed over a long period Korea UNESCO (2002) High Context implies that the bulk of information can either be present in physical context or the message, while some are present in the explicit part of the message that has been conveyed (Mead 1998). In essence, it is of utmost importance to identify the cultural origin of the person you are speaking with to avoid misunderstanding (Kent 2002). One important factor in communicating and understanding Koreans is to place value on "how" the message was delivered. The manner in which the message has been stated does not solely attribute to the voice tone and the non-verbal messages, but also on the spatial and

Global HRM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global HRM - Assignment Example Hofstedes, Trompenaars, and the globe models cross-cultural dimensions had an impact on human resource management. The primary focus of these three dimensions was on human thinking, behavior of organizations in predictable situations, and feeling and acting. Although each dimension had something particular to point out, it affected HRM. One of the implications was that HRM should not consider people as groups but as individuals because in as many as people are in a group they are different. Another implication was that the predictable way might not turn out as expected. It is usually advisable to have a backup plan in case the first idea does not go through. The HRM should also have a clearly defined time frame. It can either be on short term or long term or inner versus outer time. It makes managing duty simpler because they are well classified. The other issue was to define societies in relation to their gender and uncertainties. It is also advisable for HRM to understand that ther e could be different many uncertainties, and that things do not always go through as planned (Cullen& Parboteeah,

Poverty and Children in the United States Essay - 1

Poverty and Children in the United States - Essay Example The technological advancements and extraordinary industrialization has accelerated poverty rate in the country, and a large number of people is leading a miserable life as well as is deprived of the basic human needs even. Children are supposed to be one of the most affected strata of society that has become the victim of growing poverty in the country. Since children are not in a position to earn their bread, they are certainly dependent of their parents and guardians for the achievement of all basic necessities of life. Since the growing rate of poverty has decreased the earning and purchasing power of the adults, it has become really hard for them to feed their children properly within limited opportunities and resources at large. As a result, the children appear to be deprived of adequate and sufficient food, clothing and shelter on the one hand, and apposite education, health and transportation facilities on the other. â€Å"According to figures released by the U.S. Census Bure au in September 1996, 13.8% of Americans live in poverty. Many more are on the borderline. Poverty affects all ages, but an astonishing 48% percent of its victims are children, as about 15 million children -- one out of every four -- live below the official poverty line. In addition, 22% of Americans under the age of 18 -- and 25% under age 12 -- are hungry or at the risk of being hungry.† (Quoted in heartsandminds.org) Scarcity of food and lack of regular and sufficient nutrition drastically tell upon the health and fitness of the children, which make them incapable of doing petty domestic chores even by lending a hand to their parents. Moreover, it has also become almost impossible for them to pay due heed to their studies and education. If a person is not allowed to have access to edibles essential for his growth and strength, it would not be possible for him to work efficiently. Hence, neither the growing are children capable of attending their schools for seeking educatio n regularly, nor can they show any performance in sports and games in the playgrounds. Consequently, the US society is mere preparing the sick, weak and untidy generation to run the political, social, economic and religious affairs of the country for the future years to come. According to the Connecticut Commission for Children, between 2001 and 2002 alone, the number of poor children in the U.S. rose from 11.7 to 12.1 million. In Connecticut, one in ten children lives in poverty. (2004: 2) The researches reveal the very fact that poverty has snatched smiles and giggling from the very lips of the poor children. Since modern technological era has helped in the development of mental capacities, the children are in a position to comprehend the natural and social phenomena in their environment. Moreover, the IT age has expanded the communication activities by improving the communication devices, the developments being made in various parts of the world can be watched and monitored throu gh the use of cable TV. The poor children also watch the same colorful activities and long for enjoying the same level of entertainment and recreation for them as well. However, since their down-trodden parents are unable to feed them even in an adequate mode, the question of providing such precious and costly recreational facilities to their innocent

Global HRM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global HRM - Assignment Example Hofstedes, Trompenaars, and the globe models cross-cultural dimensions had an impact on human resource management. The primary focus of these three dimensions was on human thinking, behavior of organizations in predictable situations, and feeling and acting. Although each dimension had something particular to point out, it affected HRM. One of the implications was that HRM should not consider people as groups but as individuals because in as many as people are in a group they are different. Another implication was that the predictable way might not turn out as expected. It is usually advisable to have a backup plan in case the first idea does not go through. The HRM should also have a clearly defined time frame. It can either be on short term or long term or inner versus outer time. It makes managing duty simpler because they are well classified. The other issue was to define societies in relation to their gender and uncertainties. It is also advisable for HRM to understand that ther e could be different many uncertainties, and that things do not always go through as planned (Cullen& Parboteeah,

Global and Domestic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global and Domestic Marketing - Essay Example (Cateora & Graham, 2002 13) The task of cultural adjustment, however ids the most challenging and important one confronting international, marketers; they must adjust their marketing efforts to cultures to which the re not attuned. In dealing with unfamiliar markets, marketers must be aware of the frames of references they are using in making their decisions or evaluating the potential of the market because judgments are derived from experience that is the result of the enculturative process. When a marketer operates in other cultures, marketing attempts may fail because of unconscious responses based on frames of reference acceptable in one's own culture but unacceptable in different surrounding. Unless special efforts are made to determine local cultural meaning s for every market, the marketer is likely to overlook the significance The foreign marketer should be a... operates in other cultures, marketing attempts may fail because of unconscious responses based on frames of reference acceptable in one's own culture but unacceptable in different surrounding. Unless special efforts are made to determine local cultural meaning s for every market, the marketer is likely to overlook the significance The foreign marketer should be aware of the principle of marketing relativism; that is, marketing strategies and judgments are based on experience, and experience is interpreted by each marketer in terms of his or her own culture. The market systems of different peoples, their political and economic structure, religions and other elements of culture, foreign marketers must constantly guard against measuring and assessing the markets against the fixed values and assumptions of their own cultures. (Brij Kumar & Steinmann, 1998 9) They must take specific steps to make themselves aware of the home cultural reference in their analysis and decision-making. The political environment No company, domestic or international, large or small, can conduct business without considering the influence of the political environment within which it will operate. One of the most undeniable and crucial realities of international business is that both host and home government are integral partners. (Cateora, 2002 152) A government reacts to its environment initiating and pursuing circumstances. Reflected in its policies and attitudes toward business are government's ideas of how to best promoting the national interest, considering its own resources and political philosophy. A government controls and restricts a company's activities encouraging and offering support or by discouraging and support or by discouraging and banning or restricting its activities

Managerial Accounting Essay Example for Free

Managerial Accounting Essay Accountants and auditors help to ensure that firms are run efficiently, public records kept accurately, and taxes paid properly and on time. They analyze and communicate financial information for various entities such as companies, individual clients, and Federal, State, and local governments. Beyond carrying out the fundamental tasks of the occupation— providing information to clients by preparing, analyzing, and verifying financial documents—many accountants also offer budget analysis, financial and investment planning, information technology consulting, and limited legal services. Managerial Accounting: Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers that is, people inside an organization who direct and control its operation. Managerial accounting provides the essential data with which the organizations are actually run. Managerial accounting is also termed as management accounting or cost accounting. Standard costing is an important subtopic of cost accounting. Standard costs are usually associated with a manufacturing companys costs of direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Rather than assigning the actual costs of direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead to a product, many manufacturers assign the expected or standard cost. This means that a manufacturers inventories and cost of goods sold will begin with amounts reflecting the standard costs, not the actual costs, of a product. Manufacturers, of course, still have to pay the actual costs. As a result there are almost always differences between the actual costs and the standard costs, and those differences are known as variances. Standard costing and the related variances is a valuable management tool. If a variance arises, management becomes aware that manufacturing costs have differed from the standard (planned, expected) costs. * If actual costs are greater than standard costs the variance is unfavorable. An unfavorable variance tells management that if everything else stays constant the companys actual profit will be less than planned. * If actual costs are less than standard costs the variance is favorable. A favorable variance tells management that if everything else stays constant the actual profit will likely exceed the planned profit. Use in Business: Managers rely on cost accounting to provide an idea of the actual expenses of processes, departments, operations or product which is the foundation of their budget, allowing them to analyze fluctuation and the way funds are used socially for profit. It is used in management accounting, where managers justify the ability to cut expenses for a company in order to increase that company? s profit. As a tool for internal use, versus a tool for external users like financial accounting, cost accounting does not need to follow the GAAP standards (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) because its use is more pragmatic. It is a very important part of the management accounting process. In order for managers to determine the best methods to increase a companys profitability, as well as saving a company money in the future, cost accounting is a necessary system in the management of a companys budget, providing important data to analyze fluctuation in company production expense.

Jim O Conner From The Glass Menagerie English Literature Essay

Jim O Conner From The Glass Menagerie English Literature Essay The character Jim OConner in The Glass Menagerie is of the gentleman caller. Tom describes Jim in his opening monologue as the most realistic character in the play, being an emissary from a world of reality that we were somehow set apart from. (858) Jim is portrayed as having qualities that are wonderful and without any flaws. These qualities are demonstrated by Jim up until the very end of the play when his true characteristics are fully revealed through his actions. Jim is an acquaintance of Tom and Laura from when they were in high school. He was very popular during his time at Soldan High School. He now works as a shipping clerk for a shoe warehouse where Tom and Jim end up become better friends. It is the same shoe warehouse Tom works for. Jim is the gentleman caller who is invited to dinner by Tom, and who Amanda is hoping will be a future husband for Laura. Tom honestly feels that Jim is different from all the members of the Wingfield family because he is facing reality instead of living in denial of it. Jim was an outstanding success in high school He was shooting with such velocity through his adolescence that you would logically expect him to arrive at nothing short of the White House by the time he was thirty (879) and everyone thought he would succeed in life. He is currently working as a shipping clerk, which is only a slightly better position than Toms. However, Jim is a cheerful, optimistic young man, who is determined to get ahead in life. He is studying public speaking and radio engineering at night school, and wants to go into the fledgling television industry. I believe in the future of television! I wish to be ready to go up right along with it. Therefore Im planning to get in on the ground floor. In fact Ive already made the right connections and all that remains is for the industry itself to get under way! Full steam Knowledge Zzzzzp! Money Zzzzzp! Power! Thats the cycle democracy is built on. (894) When he has dinner with the Wingfield family, Jim tries his best to draw Laura out of her shell. He ends up being the only character able to break through into Lauras secret world. He seems to be the most sincere person in the play and seems to be very honest and friendly. The reader is made to feel they can trust him. Jims character seems to come to life in his conversation with Laura. Even though he is ordinary, it is contact with the ordinary that Laura needs. It is not surprising that ordinary seems to be magnificence to Laura. Since Laura had known Jim in high school when he was considered the all-American boy, she could never bring herself to look on him now in any way other than exceptional. He is the one boy that she has had a crush on and he is her ideal dream. In the candlelight conversation Jim has with Laura he becomes wrapped up in reliving his own past. He seems to once again think that he is that high school hero who swept the girls off their feet. Due to the fact that Jim has become engrossed in playing the role of high school hero and also amateur psychiatrist, he failed to see what emotions he was building up in Laura. Jim simply had an honest desire to help Laura with her shyness. He is obviously very drawn to Laura in a romantic sense as well. He admits this to her while describing her beauty In all respects-believe me! Your eyes- your hair- are pretty! Your hands are pretty! (896) how she makes him feel different than any other girl does. I wish that you were my sister. Id teach you to have some confidence in yourself. The different people are not like other people, but being different is nothing to be ashamed of. Because other people are not such wonderful people. Theyre one hundred times one thousand. Youre one times one! They walk all over the earth. You just stay here. Theyre common as weeds, but you well, youre Blue Roses! (896) To Laura Jim has always been and still is wonderful and exceptional. He is so different from her world that he appears to be the prize she has been longing to win. Since Laura lives in a world of illusion, he is her knight in shining armor. Jims desires run away with him and he makes the mistake of kissing Laura. He makes her heart swells up with romance only to pierce it with the disclosure that he is engaged to be married. Laura is like a piece of her glass menagerie. She is fragile and needs to be treated very carefully. When she states Glass breaks so easily. No matter how careful you are she is giving foresight into the events that will unfold. Jim has broken her without realizing it. You think of yourself as having the only problems, as being the only one who is disappointed. But just look around you and you will see lots of people as disappointed as you are. (891) The most accurate description of Jim comes near the end of the play when Jim refers to himself as a stumble-john.(897)

Revenge of the Killer Genre :: Quentin Tarantino John Cawelti Films Essays

Revenge of the Killer Genre After years of repeated thematic motifs and unchanging, stereotypical characters, films within a genre often lose their vitality. The conventions become predictable and the underlying myth becomes boring and banal. The innovative director will seek to revitalize a popular myth through a "generic transformation" (Cawelti 520). This essay shall demonstrate how Quentin Tarantino borrows a traditional myth from the gangster genre, subverts it and subsequently installs a new, unorthodox myth in its place. The end result is a new type of film that reaches beyond the established confines of the gangster genre. As with Arthur Penn's Bonnie and Clyde, the radical innovations included in Pulp Fiction make it hard to situate the film within mainstream cinema; it is, as John Cawelti would agree, "difficult to know what to call this type of film". While Penn's film and Tarantino's Pulp Fiction clearly acknowledge the conventions of the gangster genre, it is only as a point of departure. Tarantino introduces enigmatic characters and complex incongruities which combine to successfully remove his film from the "conventions of a traditional popular genre" (Cawelti 505). Cawelti describes the myth within the gangster film as "affirm[ing] the limits of individual aggression and violence ... show[ing] how violence evokes its own inevitable doom" (Cawelti 516). In Pulp Fiction and Bonnie and Clyde, the directors subvert the "traditional elements" and the "traditional mythical world ..." (Cawelti 505) is confounded. Thus begin the generic transformations. The directors thoroughly undermine the traditional myths and effectively replace them with myths of their own construction. The complexities of structure, character and theme within Pulp Fiction exceed the conventional boundaries of the gangster genre and the myths commonly associated with gangster films become inadequate. The narrative leads to non-romanticized situations and characters that appear too realistic to be contained within the "inadequate" boundaries of the gangster myth (Cawelti 510). Here then, Tarantino is effectively exposing the inadequacies of the gangster myth. The myth of the gangster is exposure by first firmly establishing the conventional gangster persona. Within the gangster environment, a darkened night club for example, the gangster looks the part; black suit, jewellery, sunglasses and the inevitable guns construct the image of menace. So too do his mannerisms, the gangster is a cocky, self-assured tough guy. The story within the film titled "The Bonnie Situation", provides an example an undermined gangster myth. Here, the two gangsters, Jules and Vincent, must retrieve and deliver a package that has been stolen. Revenge of the Killer Genre :: Quentin Tarantino John Cawelti Films Essays Revenge of the Killer Genre After years of repeated thematic motifs and unchanging, stereotypical characters, films within a genre often lose their vitality. The conventions become predictable and the underlying myth becomes boring and banal. The innovative director will seek to revitalize a popular myth through a "generic transformation" (Cawelti 520). This essay shall demonstrate how Quentin Tarantino borrows a traditional myth from the gangster genre, subverts it and subsequently installs a new, unorthodox myth in its place. The end result is a new type of film that reaches beyond the established confines of the gangster genre. As with Arthur Penn's Bonnie and Clyde, the radical innovations included in Pulp Fiction make it hard to situate the film within mainstream cinema; it is, as John Cawelti would agree, "difficult to know what to call this type of film". While Penn's film and Tarantino's Pulp Fiction clearly acknowledge the conventions of the gangster genre, it is only as a point of departure. Tarantino introduces enigmatic characters and complex incongruities which combine to successfully remove his film from the "conventions of a traditional popular genre" (Cawelti 505). Cawelti describes the myth within the gangster film as "affirm[ing] the limits of individual aggression and violence ... show[ing] how violence evokes its own inevitable doom" (Cawelti 516). In Pulp Fiction and Bonnie and Clyde, the directors subvert the "traditional elements" and the "traditional mythical world ..." (Cawelti 505) is confounded. Thus begin the generic transformations. The directors thoroughly undermine the traditional myths and effectively replace them with myths of their own construction. The complexities of structure, character and theme within Pulp Fiction exceed the conventional boundaries of the gangster genre and the myths commonly associated with gangster films become inadequate. The narrative leads to non-romanticized situations and characters that appear too realistic to be contained within the "inadequate" boundaries of the gangster myth (Cawelti 510). Here then, Tarantino is effectively exposing the inadequacies of the gangster myth. The myth of the gangster is exposure by first firmly establishing the conventional gangster persona. Within the gangster environment, a darkened night club for example, the gangster looks the part; black suit, jewellery, sunglasses and the inevitable guns construct the image of menace. So too do his mannerisms, the gangster is a cocky, self-assured tough guy. The story within the film titled "The Bonnie Situation", provides an example an undermined gangster myth. Here, the two gangsters, Jules and Vincent, must retrieve and deliver a package that has been stolen.

Nietzsche and the Prophet Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Nietzsche and the Prophet According to Friedrich Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra, the meaning of human existence is to make room for the â€Å"Superman†: a superhuman who perseveres in its capacity for unlimited self-creation. (Pg. 49)[1] In order for humankind to embrace its self-creative nature and allow for the transcendence into this superhuman condition, however, we must first learn to destroy our present tables of values; it is our desperate adherence to traditional (religious) values which prevents us from actualizing our potential for self-creation. It is important to note, however, that it is not the creation of these traditional values in and of itself that Nietzsche condemns. After all, self-creation is not only a positive thing but, is the true essence and meaning of human existence. Rather, it is our insistence on treating these values and beliefs (e.g. the existence of God) as permanent and a priori which sickens him. When we perceive these values and beliefs as permanent , it numbs both the ability and motivation for human beings to self-create the future or, what he calls, the â€Å"self-creating will†. As Nietzsche’s protagonist states, â€Å"God is a supposition; but I want your supposing to reach no further than your creating will...Willing liberates: that is the true doctrine of will and freedom... (Pg.’s 110-11) Manifest in Nietzsche’s vision of human self-creation, however, is a fundamental tension between the past and the future. On the one hand, he tells the reader that because everything is past and begs destruction, it is disgusting for anyone to blindly adhere to traditional value systems. Yet, on the other hand, the future (Superman) is fundamentally connected and, perhaps, even indebted to th... ...Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1961. Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Translated by R. J. Hollingdale. Penguin Books: London. [2]. Later on in the text, we see that this entails Zarathustra rising up and becoming the teacher of the eternal recurrence: that all things, including human existence, recur eternally. As his animals tell Zarathustra, â€Å"For your animals well know, O Zarathustra, who you are and must become: behold, you are the teacher of the eternal recurrence, that is now your destiny! That you have to be the first to teach this doctrine...that all things recur eternally and we ourselves with them, and that we have already existed an infinite number of times before and all things with us†. (The Convalescent; Pg. 237; italics original) Upon hearing the prophet’s words, however, we see that Zarathustra is not ready to become the teacher of the eternal recurrence.

Scarlet Letter Images

Joseph Gurke 10. 17. 2012 Ms. Boas P. 1 The Scarlet Letter Light, Dark, Sunlight and Shadows Throughout his entire life, Nathaniel Hawthorne had lived in seclusion from people and society, isolating himself and his thoughts behind a mysterious shade. This may explain why the themes of sin, secrecy and guilt are used in Hawthorne’s fiction, exploring hidden human dimensions.The images of sin, secrecy, and guilt are constantly portrayed in Nathaniel Hawthorne's, The Scarlet Letter, through the presence of recurring motifs of light and dark, sunlight and shadows; as these themes aid the reader's depiction of the separation between evil and goodness. Images of light are seen throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter. These images illuminate a character’s true intention and personality, yet at the same time, force a character to hide certain aspects of his personality while under the public eye.The view of Hester on the scaffold, when she is receiving her punishment for adulte ry in front of the public eye, the image of light illuminates her scarlet letter and sin; liberating Hester from public judgment and the pain of concealing sin, â€Å"Those who had before known her, and had expected to behold her dimmed and obscured by a disastrous cloud, were astonished, and even startled, to perceive how here beauty shown out, and made a halo of the misfortune and ignominy in which she was enveloped. † (49).The fact the Hester’s sin is known to all and that she is stands tall with her baby in her arms and the scarlet letter on her chest shows that she no longer needs to conceal anything from the public eye, â€Å"And never had Hester Prynne appeared more lady-like, in the antique interpretation of the term, than as she issued from the prison. † (49). After being revealed to the public, Hester must now live in isolation with nature, self-reliance and non-conformity being the ethics in her life; yet having the relief of wearing sin on her chest. Sunlight is a naturally occurring light and one that reflects goodness and pureness in characters. It is a positive image, representing cleanliness and lack of sin in this novel. When in the forest with Pearl, the sunlight avoids Hester completely while she carries the scarlet letter on her chest, â€Å"Mother,† said little Pearl, â€Å"the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on your bosom. . . . It will not flee from me; for I wear nothing on my bosom yet! †(161).When she removes the letter, sunlight flows into the forest, bringing everything to light and removing any shadows present, â€Å"So speaking, she undid the clasps that fastened the scarlet letter, and, taking it from her bosom, through it to a distance among the withered leaves. † (191) â€Å"All at once, as with the sudden smile of heaven, forth burst the sunshine, pouring a very flood into the obscure forest, gladdening each green leaf, trans muting the yellow fallen ones to gold, and gleaming adown the grey trunks of the solemn trees. The objects that had made a shadow hitherto, embodied the brightness now. †(191).The sunlight represents cleanliness; washing sin, secrecy and guilt from characters, allowing them to feel a sense of freedom, â€Å"Her sex, her youth, and the whole richness of her beauty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (190). With the absence of the scarlet letter, sunlight floods the forest and surrounding area around Hester and Dimmesdale, removing any shadows, which represent evil and bondage, and with this flood of sunshine comes a new feeling of freedom for both, exactly what sunshine represents in the text, â€Å"And as if the gloom of the earth and the sky had been but the effluence of those two mortal hearts, it vanished with their sorrow. (190). Darkness is a constant theme in this novel, representing guilt, sin and secrecy, major themes that Nathaniel Hawthorne incorporates into his literature. Dimmesdale, Hester and Pearl meet on the scaffold, under the darkness of night and shadows, the only time that Dimmesdale can express his sin and evil, â€Å"Mr. Dimmesdale reached the spot where, now so long since, Hester Prynne had lived through her first hours of public ignominy. † (133).The scaffold shows the irony of Hester and Dimmesdale’s situation because Hester, in the daylight reveals her sin to the town and could be freed from the bondage of hiding sin, and now Dimmesdale, after seven years is revealing his sin on the scaffold to only Hester at night, still feeling the pain of bondage and concealment of this sin. It is the only time that Dimmesdale, Hester’s lover and Pearl’s father ever embraces them and can openly reveal his sin, but the darkness does not allow him to be free. The minister felt for the child’s other hand and took it. The moment that he did so, there came what seemed tumultuous rush of new life, other life than his own, pouring lik e a torrent into his heart, and hurrying through his veins, as if the mother and child were communicating their vital warmth to his half-torpid system. The three formed and electrical chain. † (142).This love that the minister feels frees him of his bondage and cleanses his soul for a moment in time, yet this moment is enveloped back by the surrounding darkness that takes all hope of escape from him. Hester experienced this escape on the same scaffold that they are on yet in the light that allowed her to live the rest of her life without this bondage to sin, that under darkness, the minister cannot be free. Light, dark, shadows and sunlight, are all motifs that Nathaniel Hawthorne uses to describe different types of emotions in the text.Light and its more natural form in sunlight reflect the goodness in characters and the ability to be free from bondage with nothing holding you back, no pain of concealing sin. While one the other hand darkness and shadows allow the characters to reflect their emotions and reveal sin, but under darkness these emotions and secrets will not reach anyone else and will keep characters like Dimmesdale in bondage and pain. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Bantam Books, 1986. Print.

Agriculture in Indonesia Essay

Agriculture in Indonesia supports the livelihood of the population. Every three out of five people live in rural areas and farming is considered a main occupation for many families. Around 45% of Indonesian workers are farmers. Rice is Indonesians primary staple crop. Indonesia today is the third largest rice producer totaling 64,398,900 tons of rice in all. Most of the rice produced in Indonesia is located in the island of Java. Before the fall of the New Order, they were most known for their contribution to Indonesians agriculture industry. The New Order introduced the Green Revolution rice technology to Indonesia. The Green Revolution was the foundation for economic growth in Indonesia. This Revolution controlled the water supply and improved fertilizers and pesticides. The Green Revolution moved Indonesia from being a major rice importer in the 1970s to being self-sufficient by the mid 1980s. Based on the population quickly increasing, Indonesia is finding ways to make food production more efficient and cheaper to support the population. Indonesia had the most rapid decrease in poverty due to the fast agricultural growth created by the Green Revolution. The production of crops became quicker and cheaper, allowing the sales price to decrease. Poverty stricken people now do not have to devote their whole paycheck towards paying for food, since the sales price has lowered. The availability of crops increased which also contributed to the decrease in price. Indonesia relies greatly on agriculture to feed the population and help decrease the poverty rate. Section 10 Works Cited . â€Å"Indonesia- Agriculture. † Encyclopedia of the Nations. N. p. , n. d. Web. 7 Mar 2012.

How Roche Diagnostics Develops Global Managers Research Paper - 1

How Roche Diagnostics Develops Global Managers - Research Paper Example It is for this reason that the acquisition of global leadership is being considered as a salient feature in business success both at the national and international levels and private and public sectors. 1. Discussing the Responsible Party for Producing Global Leaders The human resources (HR) department is the party with the responsibility to produce global leaders. This is because, it is the HR department that can and should plan, designate, train and also provide compensation plans for engagements with international personnel. The HR department can also make arrangements to have an organisation be able to handle global differences among countries which affect organisational decisions. Apart from extending its recruitment drives to an international market, it is also true that it is the HR department which can persuade a rigid and conservative management into accepting recruitment drives to be made a multinational affair. 2. The Possible Ramifications of Not Having Global Leaders The failure to have global leaders within an organisation is likely to inhibit the organisation’s chances for broadening its opportunities to an international level. This is because the presence of global leaders will help the HR department and managers understand the principles and practices that prevail in the global markets. At the same time, the absence of global leaders in an organisation will not help the locals in a foreign market identify with the organization. This is because, organizations which have their rank and file coming from the mother country are almost always deemed as foreign corporate entities. This is to the effect that if an organisation fails to mingle its personnel with people from different races, religion or country, then the same organisation is likely to carry state-specific stigma. This may inhibit the speed and ease with which the organisation is to penetrate the market and get legally registered. Again, the same failure and subsequent stigma will help cripple the organisation’s volume of sales and stunt its market share (Griffiths, 137). 3. Roche’s Perspectives Program Based on the O’Toole chapter on public policy, the possible changes that can be made in the U.S. to encourage companies to become global leaders must include and take cognisance of the Perspectives Global Accelerated Talent Development Programme (PGATDP). This will portend, the targeting of individuals who are passionate about bringing significant contributions to their industry, but are still at a nascent stage of career development. This will also elicit the need for the factoring and use of experiential learning and development on these talented young professionals. At the same time, the US government and American businesses should work closely to craft new, more effective and broader global networks. Similarly, there should be the rejuvenation of employee exchange and transfer programmes, with emphasis being placed on the aforementione d young employees. This will help these young employees to build broader global networks, experience different areas of entrepreneurship, gain experience on how to manage different networks and accrue skills that will be needful for the advancement of one’s career. The US government can then in turn take to extend business incentives to organisations that practice the PGATDP programme (Griffiths, 137). It may also be imperative for the US government to expand its education, training and community development

Contribution of Occupational Psychology Theories in the Management Essay

Contribution of Occupational Psychology Theories in the Management - Essay Example The paper tells that occupational psychology normally tries to develop and improve the levels of job satisfaction that employees get. This is by coming up with motivational methods or policies that an organization should adopt. Occupational psychology also helps in increasing the levels of productivity within an institution. This is because it helps in promoting innovation, which is an essential requirement for any organization to increase the levels of its performance. Without innovation, it is very difficult for an organization to satisfy the various needs of its target customers. This is because, through innovation, a company or an organization would manage to develop products that satisfy the various needs of its customers. Other issues of concern by occupational theories regard the physical and mental health of these employees. For any organization to get the best from its workers, it must ensure that these people are physically and mentally healthy. An organization would achiev e this objective by creating good working conditions and seeking methods of eliminating stress at the workplace. One of the important theories of occupational psychology is the theory of population ecology. The occupational psychology theory of population ecology focuses on the impact of dynamic changes in an organization, which are brought about by the emergence or collapse of the organization under consideration. This theoretical framework denotes that population ecology is studied over a very long period of time. Most organizations normally have static structures, and these static structures play a role in hindering their adaptation to changes. Based on these facts, these organizations have a high chance of failing to achieve their objectives and aims. However, new business organizations that have emerged would flourish because of their flexibility, and their desires to adapt to changes.

Basic Concepts of Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Basic Concepts of Criminal Law - Essay Example The Penal Code puts a duty to a persons holding or having in his care such a weapon not to endanger the live so the members of the public. It states that " it is the duty of every person who has within his charge or under his control anything, whether living or inanimate and weather moving or stationary, of such a nature that, in the absence of care or precaution in its use or management , the life, safety or health of any person maybe endangered , to use reasonable care and take reasonable precautions to avoid the danger; and he shall be deemed to have caused any consequences which adversely affect the life or health of any persons by reason of any omission to perform that duty. Further, and read together with the same provisions aforementioned, the same act provides that, "Any person, who with intent to maim, disfigure or disable any person, or to do some grievous harm to any person unlawfully wounds or does any grievous harm to any person by any means whatever is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for life, with or without corporal punishment. The same sentiments are captured by the provisions of sections 234 of the same Act. In this regard, it would be prudent for the client to obtain all the relevant legal requirements if only to escape the imposed sanctions for breach of the same. Factoring the foregoing, it is evident that, in as much as self defence may be a good defence in criminal proceedings, reasonable care ought to be observed in the use of such a weapon and one must not be negligent or reckless in its use. In this regard when it comes to causing another's physical injury, there are at least three ways that our behaviour could lead not only to financial liability, but also criminal liability for example: A person is guilty of assault when: 1. With intent to cause physical injury to another person, he causes such injury to such person or to a third person; or 2. He recklessly causes physical injury to another person; or 3. With criminal negligence, he causes physical injury to another person by means of a deadly weapon or a dangerous instrument. A person acts with criminal negligence with respect to a result or to a circumstance described by a statute defining an offence when he fails to perceive a substantial and unjustifiable risk that such result will occur or that such circumstance exists. The risk must be of such nature and degree that the failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that a reasonable person would observe in the situation. Negligence is the failure to act reasonably. But we all fail to act reasonably at times. And in unfortunate cases, it could lead to harm. Should we go to prison in such cases If every time we acted unreasonably we went to prison, we would all spend time behind bars. Even if we

Diagnostic Reasoning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Diagnostic Reasoning - Essay Example Even though clinicians can use data from patient’s signs and symptoms to improve previous probabilities, they do not compute a running score of probability ratios. Their evaluation of previous probabilities depends on their understanding of patients and their expertise. They also add proof to a previous chance instead of multiplying proof by a previous probability (Stolper, Van de Wiel, Van Royen, Van Bokhoven, Van der Weijden & Dinant, 2011). In as much as the strength of an analytical indicator to substantiate or reject is mostly evaluated in various terms including irrelevant, weak, and strong, clinicians often use their projected decision threshold before taking actions. Since this has not always provided positive outcome, it is necessary for the medical decision-making clinicians to establish a balance between diagnostic reasoning and a kind of intuitive appraisal. Diagnostic reasoning is applied in complicated cases like testing hypothesis and purposeful verification. Th erefore, general practitioners will have to depend on a kind of intuitive assessment by listing patient features, establishing their weights and matching them with the symptoms related to a particular illness. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish a balance between diagnostic reasoning and a kind of intuitive appraisal. The process allows doctors to come up with a conclusive decision concerning a particular infection. Stolper, E., Van de Wiel, M., Van Royen, P., Van Bokhoven, M., Van der Weijden, T., & Dinant, G. J. (2011). Gut feelings as a third track in general practitioners’ diagnostic reasoning. Journal of general internal medicine, 26(2),

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions Essay - 1

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions - Essay Example Sometimes, a person is not even aware that a decision has been made as he goes through his day. However, when it comes to moral decisions that entail more intensive consideration of all factors involved, a person may be stunned enough to scratch, or even dig beyond the shallow surface and summon reason and emotion to help him come up with the right decision. History has produced deep thinking men who debated on the competing roles of reason and emotion in moral judgment. A man named Kohlberg (1984) even came up with a theory of moral development based on a hypothetical moral situation calling on children’s decision-making skills, and his theories attracted much attention from moral philosophers. His proposed dilemma was about a husband named Heinz who needed to decide whether to steal an overpriced drug to save his dying wife. It was theorized that young children conceptualize morality in terms of obedience to adults’ rules and regulations. They know that it makes them good children. This is so because they think in concrete, physical, egocentric ways and their social worlds are dominated by adults. On the other hand, older children think of morality in terms of cooperation with peers because they are cognitively able to comprehend the views of others and already understand concepts such as reciprocity and cooperation beca use their social worlds consist mainly of interactions with peers. Kohlberg based his work on this theory of cognitive development and emphasized reasoning as the key to moral development. He did not pursue any direction towards the role of emotion in the moral decision-making process. Basing on a vast amount of evidence gathered from structured interviews, Kohlberg’s rationalist model views moral judgments as primarily caused by complex reasoning. In considering dilemmas, defined as â€Å"scenarios constructed to highlight a

Metaphysics Is the Branch of Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Metaphysics Is the Branch of Philosophy Essay Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts. These abstract concepts include things like being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space. Over the years I have asked myself numerous questions pertaining to metaphysics. Things such as what is real? How do things such as our souls or even fate work? Do we determine our own fate or is it predetermined for us? Most people, including myself, ask a majority of these questions when they leave the nest. When I was graduating high school, I had no clue what the â€Å"real world† was like. My parents paid the bills, provided for me, and put the roof over my head. As we graduate, you ask who are your â€Å"real† friends? More importantly what is real in general? What’s a real job? As you grow older, you can reflect on what was real as a child, and I have come to the conclusion that everybody’s idea of real changes along with your age and lifestyle. For example when somebody passes away and you’re young, you don’t question if it’s real, but as you age you can’t believe when something so tragic happens and you question it. People do this every day, and for reasons that only they can explain. People talk about the spiritual world openly, but most have never experienced it. So, with that being the case it is hard to determine whether or not it is more or less real that the physical world. That’s one of those questions that as of right now I don’t have the answer to. I believe in the spiritual world whole heartedly, but to say it’s any more or less real is hard for me because I have only experienced the physical world. As of right now, I would say that they are equally real, but that is just my opinion. Going along with that, everyone has a soul, but does it live outside the body before we pass? I don’t believe so. As a Christian, we pray for the Lord to take our soul when we pass, and to protect it while we are alive. Our soul exits the body when we are done on Earth. Fate is a very complex subject. I believe that everyone has an idea of their ultimate fate. This doesn’t mean however that that is how it will end up, or that the step along the way will line up with your plan. For example, when someone dies, people say it must have been fate. I think that things like this are determined by Him, not us. When people say that when they fall in love that it’s fate, but that is determined by us making it free will. Therefore, I believe that our lives are determined by our own free will and fate. Epistemology is basically how we determine if something is a belief or an opinion. Some things are taught to us after they have been investigated, but other things are made up in our minds or families. If you ever look at the actual definition for knowledge it is pretty loosely written. Therefore, knowledge doesn’t have to be true. Your knowledge is determined by you. There are universal examples of knowledge in my opinion. However, since knowledge can be false it’s hard to say if others would believe the same. For example, 2+2=4 that seems like it would be true everywhere, might not be. Someone might be think 2+2=something other than 4. 1. Epistemology: * Is all knowledge subjective, or are there some universal truths? * What is the relationship between faith and reason? * What can artificial intelligence teach people about knowledge? * What are the limits of human understanding? 2. Ethics: * What is the right thing to do? * What does it mean to be a good person? * Does virtue lead to happiness? * Do the ends justify the means, or is a virtuous action virtuous in and of itself? * How does living in a society affect morality? * Is morality culturally based, individually based, or is there a universal morality? 3. Aesthetics: * What is beautiful? * Is beauty truly in the eye of the beholder, or are there some things that all cultures find beautiful? * What is the purpose of art? * How can a piece of art be successful or valuable? Does beauty matter? 4. Political philosophy: * What is the best kind of government? * How much power should the government have? * What kind of people should be in power? * How involved should the common citizen be in government? 5. Social philosophy: * How should humans behave in a society? * Do people give up certain rights when they choose to live in a society? * How do social values affect individual beliefs? Do people behave differently in a crowd than they would individually? * How does society affect language and other types of communication?

Social Workers Roles and Benefits of PTSD Treatment

Social Workers Roles and Benefits of PTSD Treatment Ethel Jones Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that affects a disproportionate percentage of the military population, particularly within those populations of veterans who have served in combat deployments. This mental disorder manifests within patients in various ways, but is often triggered by events or perceived events that are associated with the patients own traumatic event. Comorbidity with other disorders, such as substance abuse disorders, is also common in many patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, often making treatment methods difficult. As a social worker, it is imperative to know the symptoms of PTSD and remain current regarding effective treatments so clients can be given the best available resources for the disorders management. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental illness that many veterans endure after experiencing the stresses and witnessing traumas during combat deployments. This mental condition is not limited to the exposure to combat-related trauma; Fry (2016) noted that this problem develops following exposure to a stressful event or a situation of an exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature (para. 1). Characteristics of this disorder include increased tension, reliving the traumatic event and avoidance of stimuli related to the traumatic event (Fokkens et al., 2015, p. 569). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) also addressed other cognitive alterations, such as detachment or disinterest in activities or loved ones and a distorted perception about themselves or others. For combat veterans, Allen, Crawford, and Kudler (2016) found PTSD to be the Department of Veterans Affairs leading diagnosis. It is now estimated that up to 30 percent of veterans who have served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan have post-traumatic stress disorder. The impact and experiences of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder is rarely limited to the veteran. While most research has focused on the PTSD victim, it is also important to note the devastating effect that the disorder has on the victims immediate family as well. Yambo et al. (2016) found in a study of military spouses a radically changed life after a return or returns from combat deployment. Concurrent treatment for both the PTSD patient and their spouses and children can provide significant benefits by strengthening family resiliency and expediting the management of PTSD symptoms. Researchers are also noting that simultaneously occurring disorders with a PTSD diagnosis can further complicate treatment efforts. In their findings, Allen et al. (2016) found that alcohol abuse co-occurred often with both men and women with PTSD, suggesting that alcohol abuse was often used as a self-medication method of coping with PTSD symptoms (135). Throughout the military population in general, the rate of alcohol abuse is disproportionately large, many soldiers self-reported an increase of alcohol abuse after exposure to intense combat situations (Allen et al., 2017). Popular treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder include both psychotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches. The use of Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) have been found effective for the treatment of PTSD (Allen et al., 2017). In controlled environments and using different methods, patients are confronted with triggering stimuli and taught methods that will enable them to cope with those stimuli outside their clinical settings (Allen et al., 2017). It is imperative for social workers to recognize co-occurring diagnoses when evaluating clients for treatment and additional resources. References Allen, J. P., Crawford, E. F., Kudler, H. (2016). Nature and treatment of comorbid alcohol problems and post-traumatic stress disorder among American military personnel and veterans. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 38(1), 133-140. Fokkens, A. S., Groothoff, J. W., van der Klink, J. J. L., Popping, R., Stewart, R. E., van de Ven, L., Brouwer, S., Tuinstra, J. (2015). The mental disability military assessment tool: A reliable tool for determining disability in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 25(3), 569-576. Fry, M. (2016). Post traumatic stress disorder. Practice Nurse, 46(2), 30-34. Wade, N. R. (2016). Integrating cognitive processing therapy and spirituality for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in the military. Social Work Christianity, 43(3), 59-72. Yambo, T. W., Johnson, M. E., Delaney, K. R., Hamilton, R., Miller, A. M., York, J. A. (2016). Experiences of military spouses of veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48(6), 543-551.